LEGAL CONTROL OF THERMONUCLEAR ENERGY: THE ATOMIC ENERGY ACT AND THE HYDROGEN PROGRAM

Criticisms which can be focused on our thermonuclear program arise primarily from human factors and not from past or present legislative silence. Nevertheless, our atomic energy legislation can suitably attempt to maximize the opportunities for achieving thermonuclear objectives and to minimize the chances of misjudgment in administration of the law. It is the special responsibility of lawyers that the law adequately recognize and implement so important a field as thermonuclear energy, or that it fail in these respects. The following discussion approaches atomic energy legislation from the new but necessary perspective of the thermonuclear program

COURTS-VALIDITY OF CONTRACTS RESTRICTING VENUE IN ACTIONS UNDER THE FEDERAL EMPLOYERS\u27 LIABILITY ACT

Petitioner suffered injuries in the course of his duties as an employee of respondent railroad. Subsequently, respondent advanced money to petitioner and the latter agreed in writing that if his claim could not be settled he would sue only in the county or district where he resided at the time of the injury, or in the county or district where the injury was sustained. This agreement restricted petitioner\u27s choice of venue to either a state or federal court sitting in Michigan. Ignoring the contract, petitioner sued in an Illinois court. Respondent then brought suit in the Michigan courts to enjoin the Illinois proceeding and the injunction was granted. On certiorari, held, reversed. The contract restricting venue was void since it conflicted with the provisions of sections 5 and 6 of the Federal Employers\u27 Liability Act. Boyd v. Grand Trunk Western Railroad Company, (U.S. 1949) 70 S.Ct. 26

Finite volume corrections to pi-pi scattering

Lattice QCD studies of hadron-hadron interactions are performed by computing the energy levels of the system in a finite box. The shifts in energy levels proportional to inverse powers of the volume are related to scattering parameters in a model independent way. In addition, there are non-universal exponentially suppressed corrections that distort this relation. These terms are proportional to exp(-m_pi L) and become relevant as the chiral limit is approached. In this paper we report on a one-loop chiral perturbation theory calculation of the leading exponential corrections in the case of I=2 pi-pi scattering near threshold.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Version published in PR

Archives of the Congregation of the Mission, Province of the West

This inventory of the Province of the West’s archives reflects its holdings at the end of 1988, with some notable additions. Highlights include materials on the Congregation’s government, including minutes, working papers, and other documents for general assemblies; records for each American province (with the greatest emphasis on the Province of the West), reflecting the Congregation’s historical growth in the United States; published works on the Daughters of Charity; various items on the Ladies of Charity and the Saint Vincent de Paul Society; publications (amounting to hundreds of titles) on Vincent de Paul, Louise de Marillac, Catherine Laboure, and Elizabeth Ann Seton; and various audio-visual materials

Influence of Sea Ice Cover and Icebergs on Circulation and Water Mass Formation in a Numerical Circulation Model of the Ross Sea, Antarctica

Satellite imagery shows that there was substantial variability in the sea ice extent in the Ross Sea during 2001-2003. Much of this variability is thought to be due to several large icebergs that moved through the area during that period. The effects of these changes in sea ice on circulation and water mass distributions are investigated with a numerical general circulation model. It would be difficult to simulate the highly variable sea ice from 2001 to 2003 with a dynamic sea ice model since much of the variability was due to the floating icebergs. Here, sea ice concentration is specified from satellite observations. To examine the effects of changes in sea ice due to iceberg C-19, simulations were performed using either climatological ice concentrations or the observed ice for that period. The heat balance around the Ross Sea Polynya (RSP) shows that the dominant term in the surface heat budget is the net exchange with the atmosphere, but advection of oceanic warm water is also important. The area average annual basal melt rate beneath the Ross Ice Shelf is reduced by 12% in the observed sea ice simulation. The observed sea ice simulation also creates more High-Salinity Shelf Water. Another simulation was performed with observed sea ice and a fixed iceberg representing B-15A. There is reduced advection of warm surface water during summer from the RSP into McMurdo Sound due to B-15A, but a much stronger reduction is due to the late opening of the RSP in early 2003 because of C-19

Influence of sea ice cover and icebergs on circulation and water mass formation in a numerical circulation model of the Ross Sea, Antarctica

Satellite imagery shows that there was substantial variability in the sea ice extent in the Ross Sea during 2001-2003. Much of this variability is thought to be due to several large icebergs that moved through the area during that period. The effects of these changes in sea ice on circulation and water mass distributions are investigated with a numerical general circulation model. It would be difficult to simulate the highly variable sea ice from 2001 to 2003 with a dynamic sea ice model since much of the variability was due to the floating icebergs. Here, sea ice concentration is specified from satellite observations. To examine the effects of changes in sea ice due to iceberg C-19, simulations were performed using either climatological ice concentrations or the observed ice for that period. The heat balance around the Ross Sea Polynya (RSP) shows that the dominant term in the surface heat budget is the net exchange with the atmosphere, but advection of oceanic warm water is also important. The area average annual basal melt rate beneath the Ross Ice Shelf is reduced by 12% in the observed sea ice simulation. The observed sea ice simulation also creates more High-Salinity Shelf Water. Another simulation was performed with observed sea ice and a fixed iceberg representing B-15A. There is reduced advection of warm surface water during summer from the RSP into McMurdo Sound due to B-15A, but a much stronger reduction is due to the late opening of the RSP in early 2003 because of C-19

A decreased probability of habitable planet formation around low-mass stars

Smaller terrestrial planets (< 0.3 Earth masses) are less likely to retain the substantial atmospheres and ongoing tectonic activity probably required to support life. A key element in determining if sufficiently massive "sustainably habitable" planets can form is the availability of solid planet-forming material. We use dynamical simulations of terrestrial planet formation from planetary embryos and simple scaling arguments to explore the implications of correlations between terrestrial planet mass, disk mass, and the mass of the parent star. We assume that the protoplanetary disk mass scales with stellar mass as Mdisk ~ f Mstar^h, where f measures the relative disk mass, and 1/2 < h < 2, so that disk mass decreases with decreasing stellar mass. We consider systems without Jovian planets, based on current models and observations for M stars. We assume the mass of a planet formed in some annulus of a disk with given parameters is proportional to the disk mass in that annulus, and show with a suite of simulations of late-stage accretion that the adopted prescription is surprisingly accurate. Our results suggest that the fraction of systems with sufficient disk mass to form > 0.3 Earth mass habitable planets decreases for low-mass stars for every realistic combination of parameters. This "habitable fraction" is small for stellar masses below a mass in the interval 0.5 to 0.8 Solar masses, depending on disk parameters, an interval that excludes most M stars. Radial mixing and therefore water delivery are inefficient in lower-mass disks commonly found around low-mass stars, such that terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of most low-mass stars are likely to be small and dry.Comment: Accepted to ApJ. 11 pages, 6 figure

A functional map of NFκB signaling identifies novel modulators and multiple system controls

Using cell-based genomic screens and functional assays, positive and negative modulators of NFκB signaling were identified and mapped onto the known NFκB signaling cascade